结构混凝土自防水措施
Self waterproofing measures for structural concrete
在防水工程中，主体以及附属结构的防水混凝土进行结构刚性自防水，不仅可以提高混凝土抗裂防渗能力，在一定程度上还能提高整个混凝土的防水能力以及抗裂能力。
In waterproofing engineering, the waterproof concrete of the main and auxiliary structures is subjected to rigid self waterproofing, which can not only improve the crack and seepage resistance of the concrete, but also to a certain extent enhance the waterproof and crack resistance of the entire concrete.
主要施工措施
Main construction measures
采用高性能的外加剂收缩防水混凝土，并且对施工中所出现的粗细骨料进行控制，提高混凝土的整体质量的同时，也能保证混凝土自身的抗渗等级符合相关的要求与标准。须严格按照相关的设计比例，保证整个防水结构的厚度，经过多次设计以及反复试验之后，最终确定浇筑方式。采用“双掺”技术，即掺和高效减水剂以及粉煤灰，能够减少水泥的用量，将水化热降低，尽可能减少收缩裂缝的出现。对混凝土的计量、搅拌以及运输各个环节需全程监控。在结构受剪力的区域内，结构施工缝需要采用相应措施，避免混凝土的内部装置与模板发生接触，迎水面的钢筋保护层厚度不可大于50 mm，结构裂缝的宽度要小于0．2 mm，在此期间不能出现贯通裂缝的现象。
By using high-performance admixtures to shrink and waterproof concrete, and controlling the coarse and fine aggregates encountered during construction, the overall quality of the concrete can be improved, while also ensuring that the impermeability level of the concrete meets relevant requirements and standards. It is necessary to strictly follow the relevant design proportions to ensure the thickness of the entire waterproof structure. After multiple designs and repeated tests, the final pouring method will be determined. The use of "double mixing" technology, which involves the addition of high-efficiency water reducing agents and fly ash, can reduce the amount of cement used, reduce the heat of hydration, and minimize the occurrence of shrinkage cracks. The measurement, mixing, and transportation of concrete need to be monitored throughout the entire process. In the area where the structure is subjected to shear force, corresponding measures should be taken for the construction joints to avoid contact between the internal devices of the concrete and the formwork. The thickness of the steel reinforcement protection layer on the upstream surface should not exceed 50 mm, and the width of the structural cracks should be less than 0.2 mm. During this period, no through cracks should occur.
防水混凝土
Waterproof concrete
众所周知，在地铁防水工程的建设中，混凝土结构的自防水是结构防水最为基本的内容。其中，在施工过程中，要对水灰比、水泥的用量以及砂率进行严格控制，从根本上保证混凝土的质量。还要及时添加减水剂或者膨胀剂，要在混凝土的收缩率发生减少的时候，增强混凝土的抗裂性能
As is well known, self waterproofing of concrete structures is the most fundamental aspect of structural waterproofing in the construction of subway waterproofing projects. During the construction process, it is necessary to strictly control the water cement ratio, cement dosage, and sand ratio to fundamentally ensure the quality of concrete. It is also necessary to add water reducing agents or expansion agents in a timely manner to enhance the crack resistance of concrete when the shrinkage rate of the concrete decreases